MOSCOW DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
GBOU School No. 1412 SP 8
RAG DOLLS
N 
AND RUSI
RAGDOLL
A man-made rag doll served for our ancestors not just as a doll to play with, but as a kind of tribal ethnic code that indicated the guidelines of the path of life. There were no accidents in the making of traditional rag dolls - there was a certain meaning in everything. As a rule, rag dolls were the simplest representation of a female figure: a piece of cloth rolled into a rolling pin, a face carefully covered with a white linen rag, breasts made of rag balls and an ordinary or festive peasant outfit made of a rag.
Rag dolls, sewn from a new flap, specially made as a gift for christenings, for the day of the angel, for the holiday, showing kindred love and care. In the family, for their children, the dolls were usually “twirled” from old rags. And not because of poverty, but because of the ritual of blood intimacy. It was believed that worn material stored the ancestral power and, embodied in a doll, passed it on to the child, becoming a talisman. For dolls, the hems of women's shirts and aprons were most often used. It was these parts of the costume, in contact with the earth and thus absorbing its power, that had the greatest sacred meaning. It is noteworthy that the flap for dolls was always torn by hand, and not cut off with scissors. It was believed that such a toy prophesied integrity without flaws or damage to its little owner.
The doll represented a mythological formula for the world order, reflecting the very essence of the universal cycle in nature and in human life. The simplest three-part figurine, tied around the neck and belted, was built according to the scheme of the triune world: heavenly (upper), earthly (middle) and underground (lower). Cross-shaped dolls also pointed to the four cardinal directions.
People did not give dolls a proper name. The name likened the doll to a person, a specific person. This means that with the help of the named doll it was possible to cause harm, taking advantage of the similarity of names for witchcraft. By calling the doll by name, it was possible to disturb the spirit of one of the deceased relatives. In order to protect against evil forces, as a precaution, the dolls were left mute, nameless, and if they were named, they were named collectively: dolls, mankas, nesting dolls, tsatskis... Most often they were called that way - “dolls,” thereby separating them from other toys. The conventional language of the faceless, nameless figure allowed it to perform various ritual roles.
The depiction of a face in a doll was for a long time banned among peasants. When asked why the doll did not have a face, the village women answered that it simply did not need it, that there should not be extra eyes in the house. They believed that a sighted doll was dangerous for the child. After all, eyes, nose, mouth, ears, even drawn ones, are still gates through which communication occurs with cosmic forces, light and dark, good and evil. Therefore, it is better not to open these gates; it is safer to place a taboo on them. Only in such “deathly” silence can the secret of the clan and family be preserved.
The rag doll had not only enormous semantic, but also species diversity. Folk memory has preserved many traditional images of dolls.
According to their purpose they are divided into three groups: amulets, ritual and gaming, according to manufacturing method– for twisting and stitching. Some masters also subdivide in the image: for a peasant doll and a lady doll.
Dolls endowed totemic and ritual symbolism, were carefully kept in every family and passed on from generation to generation. Such dolls were made throughout life, starting from childhood, and only for the second time could they serve as toys. These creatures were little gods in the house; they talked to them, confided their troubles and joys to them, and called for help.
In traditional Russian culture, the ritual doll occupied a special place, playing at a certain stage of history an important role not so much in the life of a child, but in the life of an adult family member, especially a woman, a mother. She was an indispensable participant in all ancient rituals and magical mysteries, being at the center of most rituals of the calendar and family cycles. According to ancient beliefs, she could take on illnesses and misfortunes and help with the harvest. It was given to a newborn to ward off evil spirits; to the bride, as a blessing for marriage; the woman in labor was placed in bed to facilitate childbirth.
The square scraps from which ritual dolls were made could not be cut or sewn with a needle. They could only be torn, and then along a single thread. Further, speaking in the language of the craftswomen, the doll “twirled” or “twirled.” There was no provision for dressing up the doll; it was created as a complete image, unique in its uniqueness and artistry.
Its decorative design also played an important role.
For example, dolls in festive costumes, where every detail and color also had its own symbolism, were given to their closest and dearest people on name days, christenings and other important events as a sign of cementing family ties. Families belonging to various classes collected a huge number of such dolls.
There are a great many types of totem dolls. So, double doll “Day and Night”, preserved order in the house. During the day it was turned to the light side, and in the evening - to the dark side.
TO 
ukla " Bell" protected the house from bad news, helped maintain a good mood in it.
A 
here are the dolls" Feverish" served as amulets against diseases. There should have been 13 of them - according to the magic number. And they hanged themselves behind the stove.
They were done in a special way and with special incantations. On Maslenitsa they were burned so that all troubles would leave the house with them.
With the help of dolls "Kuvatok"(kuvatka - baby, newborn child) the husband, during the birth of his wife, lured out evil spirits in various ways, later this doll became a talisman and the first doll of a newborn, which was placed in the cradle, and then it “guarded” the child’s sleep. At the same time, mothers said, “Sleeping, insomnia, Don’t play with my baby, But play with this doll.”
Kubyshka-Herbalist brought with her health, protection, consolation and drove away the spirits of illness. And this is not without reason, because inside the doll contained a bag with various medicinal herbs. In case of illness, they kneaded the doll in their fingers and immediately the aroma of essential oils of these medicinal plants spread throughout the room.
That is why, for a long time, the Herbal Pot was in every home, and if necessary, it was placed at the patient’s bedside, hung over a child’s crib, or simply given to hands to play with.
Ritual dolls also include "Zernushka" which has a deep symbolic meaning. The inside of the doll was always filled with grain, buckwheat, millet or peas. It was given at Kolyada, Christmas and other holidays so that the harvest would be rich. The female image of the doll is directly related to mother earth, who gives birth to seedlings.
T 
Traditionally, the Zernushka Doll was made from burlap. A small bag was filled with grain, while the women always sang a song or read a prayer. The head was attached to the body-bag, tied with a scarf and a braid-belt (sometimes with a magical ornament: water, earth, grain, sun).
The conventional humanoid figurine once performed a magical role and served as a talisman. She participated in rites and holidays, in ritual events of life, celebrating birth, wedding, departure to ancestors. They were the guardians of home, sleep, health, household and family well-being.
One of the oldest protective There was a Vepsian doll in Rus', which accompanied a person’s life from his very birth. She represented the image of a married woman and symbolized well-being and prosperity, as well as women's health. It was also made without the use of scissors and a needle; the fabric was simply torn from scraps of mother’s clothing and the parts were tied together. The mother prepared the doll in this way even before the birth of her child, thereby wanting to make his life “not cut or stabbed.” Lying in the baby's cradle, the doll protected him from the evil eye and at the same time carried the image of a mother-nurse capable of feeding the whole family. The appearance and name of the Vepsian doll depended on the role that was assigned to it.
Vepsians are one of the peoples who belonged to the Finno-Ugric language group. Today the Vepsians are a small people living in the territory of Karelia, Leningrad and Vologda regions, who have preserved their traditions and rituals.
If there was a girl of marriageable age in the family, then the doll was made beautiful and elegant, and called Cabbage. Woman in labor helped in childbirth, and Nurse and Bereginya- in caring for children and the family as a whole. In this case, the doll was represented with its arms raised to the Sky and the Sun.
The parts of the Vepsian doll were tied together with scraps of multi-colored threads. In this case, no knots were made, only thread was wrapped around the fabric, and its end was tucked in. The fabric was traditionally chosen natural: cotton, linen or chintz. Embroidery was a necessary detail of the costume and was done mainly with red threads of different shades. This color was given a special meaning - “protective”.
The summer doll of one day also belongs to rituals. "Kupavka" It was made at the beginning of bathing and was associated with the holiday of Ivan Kupala. Many ribbons were tied to the hands of “Kupavka”, which symbolized people’s illnesses and adversity. It was decorated with grass, flowers, green branches and on the day of the holiday it was floated on water, believing that the water would cleanse a person from all troubles.
The doll was also one of the main characters in the poetic ancient ritual of “funeral cuckoos" It was held before Trinity and served as the initiation of teenage girls into young women. The girls went into the forest and danced in circles, sang songs, exchanged wreaths and specially made dolls made of dry grass, “cuckoo tears.” The funeral ceremony for the dolls also took place here. The meaning of the ritual was to rid girls of the qualities inherent in the cuckoo, to say goodbye to childhood and enter the world of adult life.
Dolls also occupied one of the central places in the Russian wedding ceremony, accompanying every act of the ceremony. Yes, wedding couple "Lovebirds" was made from one piece, most often red, as a symbol of life. This paired doll was connected by one unbreakable thread and had a single hand, symbolizing the indissolubility of marriage bonds, the willingness of husband and wife to walk through life hand in hand, to be together in joy and sorrow.
The children had their own more simple play dolls. They were very conventional and easy to make. One of the most common children's play rag dolls was the doll "Baby Naked" . A distinctive feature of the technique of its manufacture was that the fabric at the bottom was not left as a single “hem”, but was divided into two parts and legs were formed by wrapping them with threads. Threads were also used to mark the head. The doll was naked, without clothes, but with a belt, which in Russian traditional costume was always considered a strong amulet sign. Such a play doll, with its element of incompleteness, thereby stimulated the imagination of children, since they were allowed to give it facial features and dress it. In addition, the doll, endowed with magical properties, developed, according to the beliefs of the ancients, the maternal principle in the child and a sense of family. For example, until recently in rural areas they placed scarecrows in vegetable gardens. Modern villagers probably no longer know that the scarecrow is actually an echo of the ancient harvest guardian dolls.
Dolls were rarely sewn for children; more often they were folded by adults, such as a simple doll "Lady", hastily. It consisted of a torso covered with white cloth and tied in three places. Then the head was covered with a long flap, grabbed around, the remaining fabric on the sides was cut into three parts and braids were braided - the arms. A skirt and apron were put on such a “blank”, a scarf was tied on top, and the doll was ready. Children could make (sew or roll) a doll themselves from the age of three or four. The first children's dolls were small, stylized, primitive humanoid figures. Of course, while different from dolls made by adults, they were at the same time an act of children's creativity. Both boys and girls played with dolls until they were seven or eight years old, i.e. until they wore uniform clothes (long shirts). Girls up to 12 years old played and sewed more intricate dolls “to show off”, then comparing who’s dolls turned out better. Both girls and young married women played with dolls. They were brought to gatherings, taken with them on visits, to work. Among all types of women's needlework, the doll occupied a special place. The doll was used to judge the taste and skill of its owner.
By the end of the 19th century. The functions of the rag doll began to change, noticeably the desire to make the rag doll more believable, they became more and more playful. Losing its former magical role, its appearance also changed. The conventional faceless figurine lost its magical ritual role, becoming an entertaining toy bought at a fair. The rag doll “gets a face,” which becomes the most important element of the doll’s appearance. The means of plasticity, line, and color are involved in its creation. Facial features are specified using drawing, painting, and embroidery.
A doll is a sign of a person, his play image is a symbol. In this role, she focuses time, cultural history, the history of the country and people, reflecting their movement and development.
Municipal state educational institution
Secondary school No. 80 named after. V.P. Kuznetsova
Registration code
Nomination “Home culture and arts and crafts”
Creative project
"Traditional folk doll"
Performed:
11th grade student
Rakhimova Yana
Supervisor:
Fiskova Nina Petrovna
technology teacher
Kupino 2015
Content.
1. Introduction.
1.1.Selection of an idea, its justification, selection of materials.
1.2. Relevance.
1.3. Goals and objectives.
1.4. The history of the development of folk rag dolls in Rus'. Types of dolls.
2. Making a rag doll.
2.1. A set of initial ideas.
2.2. Development of one best idea.
2.3. Choice of material. Selection of equipment, tools and devices. Organization of the workplace.
2.4. Technological sequence of making a rag doll.
2.5. Ecological justification.
2.6. Calculation of the cost of the product.
3. Conclusion.
3.1.Evaluation of the work done. Conclusion.
4. List of references.
5. Application.
Introduction.
The topic "Russian folk rag doll" is very interesting for me. After conducting a survey among children in grades 1-7, I came to the conclusion that girls play mainly with dolls like “Barbie” and “Winx,” while boys prefer computer games. Older girls don't play with dolls at all. I wanted to know: what dolls existed before and what dolls did my peers play with?
These days, dolls are either children's toys or souvenirs. But it was not always so. Remember the Russian folk tale about Vasilisa the Beautiful. In it, the mother, before her death, gave her daughter a doll, saying: “Always carry it with you and don’t show it to anyone, and when some misfortune befalls you, give it something to eat and ask her for advice.” And throughout the entire fairy tale, the doll repeatedly rescued the girl from trouble. After all, since ancient times in Rus', dolls have been considered powerful magical instruments capable of bringing good luck, protecting from evil and making wishes come true.
Relevance.
I consider the topic “Russian folk rag doll” to be relevant, because the folk toy has been undeservedly forgotten. After all, it talks about the traditions of our people, cultivates kindness and love in a person. Nowadays, Handmade things are very popular - things made with your own hands. On the website of the crafts fair, the average price of a toy is 1,500 rubles. And I’ll try to prove to you that you can make it cheaper and it will be exclusive. You can't buy such a folk doll in a store.
It is considered one of the most mysterious symbols of Russia. This is not just a children's toy, it is an integral attribute of ancient rituals. Since time immemorial, craftsmen have mastered the art of making such dolls, which have absorbed all the cultural traditions and customs of Rus'.
It was believed that dolls made by hand from scrap materials had magical properties. Our ancestors believed that dolls were able to ward off evil spirits and bring happiness to the house. This is probably why these dolls were often worn as talismans.
Objective of the project:
Make a traditional folk doll with your own hands with minimal financial costs.
Tasks:
1. Study the history of the rag doll.
2. Choose the optimal rag doll model.
4.Make the product.
5.Rate your product. Formulate a conclusion.
The history of the rag doll.
The traditional folk doll has its own rich history. Dolls appeared on earth a very long time ago. The oldest is more than four thousand years old. Archaeologists found it during one of the ancient Greek excavations.
Since ancient times, a rag doll has been a traditional toy of the Russian people. Playing with dolls was encouraged by adults because... By playing in them, the child learned how to run a household and acquired the image of a family. The doll was not just a toy, but a symbol of procreation, a guarantee of family happiness.
She accompanied a person from birth to death and was an indispensable attribute of any holidays. Now there are 90 types of dolls known. The folk rag doll was not just a toy, it had a certain function: it was believed that such a doll protected children’s sleep and protected the child from evil forces. Often the doll was made faceless. According to ancient beliefs, evil spirits cannot inhabit a doll without a face (i.e. without a soul).
In Rus' there was a belief: if you make such a doll for a family, then it is able to protect and protect all family members. At first the doll was intended to protect the family, and a little later the village girls began to play with these dolls. In the old days, when humanity worshiped pagan gods, various magical properties were attributed to dolls: they could protect a person from evil forces, take on illnesses and misfortunes, and help a good harvest. According to their purpose, dolls were divided into three large groups: amulet dolls, gaming and ritual dolls. Dolls were not just girls' fun. All the children played until they were 7-8 years old, while they wore shirts. But only boys began to wear portages, and girls began to wear skirts; their playing roles and the games themselves were strictly separated.
In puppet games, children involuntarily learned to sew, embroider, spin, and learned the traditional art of dressing.
Since ancient times, a traditional toy in the life of the Russian village, even in the poorest peasant families, has been a rag doll. In other houses, up to a hundred of them accumulated.
While the children were small, their mothers, grandmothers, and older sisters sewed dolls for them. From the age of five, any girl could do such a nursery rhyme.
Toys were never left on the street or scattered around the hut, but were kept in baskets, boxes, and locked in chests. They took them to the harvest and to gatherings. Dolls were allowed to be taken as guests; they were included in the dowry. They allowed the “young woman” who came to the groom’s house after the wedding to play, because people were married at the age of 14. She hid them in the attic and secretly played with them. The eldest in the house was the father-in-law, and he strictly ordered the women not to laugh at the young woman. Then these dolls were passed on to the children.
Almost all village holiday rituals were played out in puppet games.
The very image of a village rag doll is close to folklore: “White-faced, busty and with a braid, of course, and dressed up anywhere.” Here the beauty of the girl materialized in a doll that corresponded to the symbol - the beautiful image of girlhood.
Types of dolls.
According to their purpose, dolls are divided into three large groups: amulets, play and ritual dolls.
DOLLS – CHARMS
DollBereginya- These are traditional Slavic amulets dolls. The main task of the doll was to protect against misfortunes; it was supposed to protect all household members from diseases and evil spirits. That is why the Slavs called such a doll an amulet or a bereginya. She accompanied our ancestors throughout their lives. A rag doll made by a pregnant woman was placed in the cradle to “warm” the place for the unborn baby. When the child was born, the bereginya remained in the crib and distracted evil spirits from the baby, and then became the first toy for him. In order for the baby to sleep well, the mother read a spell in front of his cradle: “Sleepy, insomniac, don’t play with my baby, but play with this doll.”
Girls began making beregin dolls themselves at the age of twelve. A beautiful and neat amulet indicated readiness for marriage.
Krupenichka (or Zernushka)- This is a rag doll-amulet for satiety, prosperity in the family and housekeeping.
Krupenichka was the main doll in the ancient Slavic family. During the harvest, this doll was filled with buckwheat grain or wheat, dressed up and carefully stored in the red corner.
The Slavs believed that if Krupenichka was filled to the brim with grain, then the next year would be nourishing and prosperous. And what exactly Krupenichka will bring prosperity and well-being to the house.
In times of crop failure, grain was taken from the doll a little at a time and used for food. By Krupenichka’s appearance one could judge the wealth and well-being in the family - if the doll was thin, it means that trouble has come to the house, the people in it are starving and the wealth has left the family.
Values of cereals in Krupenichka:
buckwheat- satiety and wealth, traditionally the doll was filled with this particular grain
rice− the most expensive grain, for the holiday
pearl barley- for satiety
oats- for strength.
You can also add all the cereals. They also sometimes place a coin at the bottom of the doll.
Day-Night doll.
Day and Night - dolls-amulets of the home. These are two completely identical dolls, but one is made of white fabric (Day), and the other is made of blue (Night). During the day they put the light one forward, and at night - the dark one. The dolls are connected with one thread and form a single integral composition.
Desire.
Every girl in the village had such a friend - the Zhelannitsa doll. It shouldn't have been shown to anyone. You used to make a wish, sew a bead on a doll’s dress as a gift, for example, and hold a mirror to her face: “Look how beautiful you are. And for the gift, make my wish come true.” And then you hide your girlfriend in a secluded place for the time being... You may not believe it, but everything you asked was fulfilled.
PLAY DOLLS
Play dolls were intended for children's amusement. They were divided into stitched and rolled. Rolled up dolls were made without needles and threads. A thick layer of cloth was wrapped around a wooden stick and then tied with a rope. Then they tied a head with handles to this stick and dressed it in elegant clothes.
Researchers believe that the earliest among the traditional folded play dolls of Russia was the "log" doll. It existed in the Smolensk province and was a wooden log dressed in stylized women's clothing. Later, a more complex doll came. It was a simple image of a female figure. The body is a piece of fabric rolled into a “rolling pin”, the face is carefully covered with a linen rag. The chest is made of balls stuffed with cotton. The costume, as a rule, was not removed from the doll.
Bunny on your finger.
Finger Bunny is a doll that was made specifically for a three-year-old child, so that he would always have a companion and friend in games. The bunny dressed on his finger and was always next to the child. Then parents could calmly leave the child alone and not be afraid that he would be scared or lonely in the house. And adults can talk to such a bunny, since it is not always possible to tell what is bothering you to a loved one. And the Thumb Bunny will listen to you in any difficult moment.
Girl-woman.
People call her Changeling, Vertushka. It can be called a doll doll, because it contains 2 heads, 4 arms, 2 skirts. The secret is that when one part of the doll is visible, for example, the girl, then the second, the woman, is hidden under the skirt; if you turn the doll over, the woman will reveal herself and the girl will hide.
The girl is a beauty, a bird who will fly away from her parents' house, carefree, cheerful, playing in the street. But the woman is economical, sedate, she has all the worries about the house and family, she does not run into the street, she has a different state. She looks more inward and protects her home.
The Girl-Baba doll reflects the 2 essences of a woman: she can be open to the world and give beauty and joy, and she can be turned to herself, to the unborn child, and preserve peace.
Dolls imitated the adult world, preparing the child for adult relationships.
Doll - mother like a nesting doll, she had many children. If you untie her belt, you will find five baby dolls in your hands at once.
Recently in Russia, traditional folk dolls have been experiencing a true revival. It introduces us to folk cultural experience.
RITUAL DOLLS
The Russian land is rich in rituals. Ritual dolls were revered and placed in the hut, in the red corner. They had a ritual purpose.
Kolyada doll.
The Kolyada doll is a symbol of warmth, sun and good harmonious relationships in the family. This doll was made for the holiday of Kolyada (from January 7 to January 19). This doll was used for Christmas carols.
The doll was a portly woman, dressed in everything new and elegant. On her behalf, the carolers wished happiness and prosperity. Merry mummers went from house to house and caroled, holding this doll in their hands, and sang on its behalf.
With the arrival of Kolyada in the house, prosperity, peace, happiness, peace and harmony came. A broom hung on the doll's belt - to sweep away everything bad from the house, as well as two bags - with salt and cereals for abundance in the house. In some areas, carols ended near the fire with wishes for good to themselves and loved ones and the burning of Kolyada.
Wedding dolls “Lovebirds”- these are male and female figures with one common hand. These dolls were made by relatives on the bride’s side, sometimes by mother-in-law and friends. They kept it all their lives behind the icon or near the icon.
Set of initial ideas
Development of one best idea.
1. For my project I chose a doll called Zernushka or Krupenechka;
2. In my opinion, this option is better suited as a gift for my family;
3. The most interesting in its execution and it has an interesting history;
4. Material consumption is minimal;
5. Does not pose a danger to others;
6. Environmentally friendly material.
7. Causes positive emotions.
After looking at various pictures and diagrams, I settled on my decision.
Choice of material.
As materials for making this model, we will need cotton fabric (white, with a pattern), linen fabric, cereal, braid, lace.
Selection of equipment, tools and devices.
1.Threads and needle;
2. Scissors;
The threads must be strong.
Organization of the workplace.
The workplace should be well lit, and the light should fall on the work from the left side.
You need to sit straight, touching the back of the chair with your body.
The distance from the eyes to work should not be less than 30...40 cm, so as not to develop myopia.
Observe safety precautions.
At the end of work, all tools should be removed.
Manufacturing sequence rag doll.
Sew a bag from white cotton fabric;
Fill the bag with cereal;
Tighten the upper part of the bag with thread;
Tie the column, forming a neck;
We form a skirt: we tie the flap with the wrong side out along the neck line;
Turn it right side out;
7. We tie the apron in the same way as the skirt;
9. Roll the shreds into ropes for the arms and tie them along the neck line;
10. We tie a lace ribbon to the head;
11.Cut out a triangular scarf and tie it up.
Ecological justification.
The destiny of Nature is our destiny, because the human body interacts with the environment. Caring for the environment brings prosperity, and unreasonable use and destruction will lead to the death of Nature.
Manufacture of products using fabric and threads, cereals - environmentally friendly production:
practically waste-free production, no emissions, pollutants into soil, water bodies;
when working with fabric, threads and other materials, no harmful substances are released into the atmosphere;
This means that by carrying out this project, no damage has been caused to the environment. When carrying out a project, it is necessary to take into account that the product is environmentally friendly and does not cause harm to the health of yourself and others.
The second condition is not to pollute our nature with industrial waste.
Calculation of product cost.
The gift turned out to be inexpensive. Its cost is 20 rubles.
Materials
Qty
Price
White cotton fabric
200 x 200 mm
10 rub
Gabardine fabric
100 x 100 mm
Red floss threads
1 PC
40 rub.
Buckwheat
1 kg.
50 rub.
Total
100 rub.
Costs: 100 rubles
Time spent: 6 hours.
Conclusion.
Evaluation of the work done.
I studied the history of the traditional Russian folk rag doll and its types, and mastered the technology of execution. Samples have been made.
Conclusion.
The results of the research confirmed my assumptions that
1. In the old days, a rag doll played a big role:
She was a participant in many holidays and rituals;
It was a symbol of happiness, goodness, prosperity, procreation;
Was a talisman;
In the game, the child became familiar with the culture of his people. The traits of a mother, a keeper of the hearth, and a craftswoman were formed in him;
A homemade doll provides great opportunities for the creative development of a child and develops imagination.
2. Traditional Russian rag dolls can be divided according to their purpose into 3 types - play, amulets and ritual.
While working on this topic, I realized: the more modestly people lived, the more carefully and soulfully they treated the things that surrounded them. So the children, making toys with their own hands for themselves and their loved ones, they not only acquired their first labor skills, but also learned to take care of their loved ones and love them. By making a doll, every little girl already learned to put her soul into it, to love and take care of it; by playing with dolls, girls learned to love their “children” and run their “household.” We think that’s why there were more children in families than now, there was less cruelty and violence.
Bibliography.
Dine, G.L. Russian rag doll. Culture, traditions, technology / G.L. Dain, M.N. Dain.- M.: Culture and Traditions, 2007
Kotova, I.N. Russian rituals and traditions. Folk doll / I.N. Kotova, A.S. Kotova. - St. Petersburg, Paritet, 2003.
Folk doll: [Electronic resource] //vedjena.gallery.
Russian ritual dolls: [Electronic resource] //club.osinka.
Manual Work: Electronic resource]: ///handmade.idvz. Yurina M. Dolls.
I explore the world: Children's encyclopedia. Toys. Compiled by M. Yurina. - M.: LLC “Firm” “AST Publishing House”, 1999.
Dine G. Toy makers: A book for students. - M. - Education, 1994.
L.M. Shirokova “Folk Toys”, - M “Dawn”, 2004
Internet resources
Application.
Model No. 1 “Bereginya doll”
Model No. 2 “Lady Doll”
A bright, elegant doll. She wears a shirt and petticoat made of white linen, a green skirt trimmed at the bottom with white lace and green braid made in folk style. Red jacket and white linen apron. On his head is a bright, green scarf.
Model No. 3 “Zernushka (Krupenechka)”
She is wearing a white shirt. On top is a red skirt - poneva with white lace, a white linen apron. On her head is a pink scarf with flowers.
Model No. 4 Lovebirds dolls
The Lovebirds doll is a symbol and amulet of a strong family union, so it is made as if on one hand, so that the husband and wife walk through life hand in hand, and are together in joy and trouble. The feminine and masculine principles were combined into a single inextricable whole.
The dolls are wearing a wedding outfit. The woman is wearing a sundress, the man is wearing a shirt. Belted with red ribbons and shiny ribbons.
Preparatory group
Work circle "The Secret of the Rag Doll" Relevance: Instilling patriotism in the younger generation is inseparable from studying the origins of the Russian people. Therefore, it is advisable to start such work with preschool children. After all, children have not yet formed their own scale of values. Especially now, when much in our history is changing and being revised, it is important to show that art, including folk art, is unshakable and eternal. Goal: To develop applied creativity of preschool children through knowledge of Russian folk traditions, the bearer of which is the oldest of toys - a rag doll Get acquainted with the history of origin, types and characteristic features of “Rag Dolls”. Develop the ability to identify characteristic means of artistic expression in the work of folk craftsmen, analyze and compare types of toys. Introducing children to the enchanting world of toys by making them with their own hands. To develop skills of orientation in the information space, skills of selecting and systematizing material, skills of public presentation of work. Develop aesthetic and artistic taste, creativity, imagination and observation. Cultivate interest in the history of Russia, love for Russian folk culture. Hypotheses: 1.Toys keep many secrets. 2. Toys are not born on their own: they are created by man. Did you know that they are part of the culture of all humanity, the toy retains in its image the originality and characteristic features of the people who create it. The folk doll is a huge layer of our history. Dolls accompanied our ancestors from birth to death. They took part in all the most important stages of human life. The Slavic peoples had a wide variety of dolls. They were kept in chests and handed over on the wedding day. In most cases, a doll is an image of a woman - a goddess. There are dozens, if not hundreds of them. Dolls were made for the birth of a child, for the beginning of mowing work, they helped with household chores and crafts, protected sleep and protected the health of the owners. There are wedding toys that were used to bless the newlyweds, and there were also just ordinary play dolls that children played with. A long time ago, they were made not for sale, but for themselves - as amulets, as ritual and ceremonial symbols. They were made (rolled, twisted, folded) slowly and carefully. With hope and, most importantly, with great love. Therefore, during the manufacturing process, neither scissors nor needles were used (well, who would cut and stab the future guardian and protector?). The threads were torn by hand, and the same was done with fabric - scraps of worn clothing or used bed linen. And they made sure to use natural (natural) and “happy” fabric, one that was worn during a good period of life, not overshadowed by troubles or stress. The parts of the dolls were not sewn together, but tied together and tied to each other. At the same time, they formulated wishes, chanted, said sentences or read prayers (and only in rare special cases remained completely silent). Hence the positive energy that we, looking at the result, unconsciously feel even today. Hence the feeling of comfort, calm and warmth. Dolls were made mainly by women - guardians of family traditions. Another interesting feature is the production of ritual and protective dolls in one step, without postponing the started process either “for tomorrow” or “for later”. It may or may not have happened, but once upon a time there lived a young woman. She fell ill and lay on her deathbed.... She called Vasilisa, and the girl in red shoes and a white apron knelt by her mother’s bed. Here’s a doll for you, my dear,” the mother whispered and pulled out from under the woolen blanket a small doll, which, like Vasilisa, was dressed in red shoes and a white apron... These are my last words, darling,” said the mother, If you get lost in the forest or need help, ask the doll what to do. She will help you. Always carry the doll with you, don’t tell anyone about it, if it wants to eat, feed it. Here is your mother's covenant and my blessing... (From the book by Clarissa Pinkola Estes, The Tale of Vasilisa Running with the Wolves) This fairy tale is about the Dolyushka doll. Or it is also called the doll of Happiness. She helps you find your path, your purpose in life. Krupenichka is the most important doll in the house. She came to us from the south. It is also affectionately called Zernovushka, because it is filled with grain, usually buckwheat. They did it after the harvest season. They dressed it up and carefully stored it in a visible place until the next sowing, and in the spring the first handfuls of buckwheat were taken from Krupenichka in order to fill it with the new harvest in the fall. After sowing, a feast was held in the villages for the entire area. They cooked porridge in cauldrons right on the street. Porridge is one of the most favorite dishes of the people. The Rich Man doll is made akin to Krupenichka, but the rich man is not the one who has accumulated a lot of money, but the one who has accumulated a lot of God in himself. At the heart of this doll, just like in Krupenichka, is a bag of grain. Such a pouch used to be called a kitty. The herbalist, the herbalist, brings health to the house. It is filled with fragrant herbs: St. John's wort, yarrow, mint, lavender, oregano. They place it at the baby's cradle and let the children play. It is also placed at the patient’s bedside. They knead the doll in their hands - they move it, and the herbal spirit spreads throughout the hut. The grass is changed every two years. This little doll, called the plantain, is a faithful guardian angel on the road and is given to someone who goes on a trip. This is a good gift for travelers. She is only 5-6 centimeters tall. It won’t make your bag heavier, but will always remind you of your home or an interesting trip. In her bag she carries either a handful of earth or a little ash and we also add a small grain there so that the traveler is well-fed. A small amulet along the way will always remind you of a joyful meeting. To make this doll we will need: * a square of white fabric measuring 15*15 cm (I liked the diagonal fabric, but you can use double-thread or linen) and padding polyester for the head (we don’t make a large one, the doll is only 5-7 cm.) * strip of fabric 3*11 for handles (it can be either white or colored to match the dress or whatever you like) * colored square 6*6 for the bag, several peas and padding polyester * The handkerchief is about 22 cm long and approximately 8-9 cm in height. * red fabric or satin ribbon for the warrior * iris threads or any cotton threads (now there are a lot of them: chamomile...). Maybe red, it’s a warm color, the color of the sun... When you make a doll, talk to her, confide in her your secrets and innermost desires, tell her about yourself, your goal is to establish a connection and a trusting relationship. And she, in turn, will tell you what she likes and what she doesn’t like. If something is wrong, you need to find the option and color that you like. She should become something like a bosom friend for you. You can even see her character... And one more thing: when you give a gift to someone, you need to think about that person and put all your love into this gift! Vesnyanka is a perky and cheerful doll that girls made for the arrival of spring. Traditionally, she is very bright, with unusually colored hair. Girls gave such dolls to each other with the wish “to be not only beautiful, but also smart.” The bell is a doll of good news. She has three skirts. Man also has three kingdoms. Copper, silver, gold. And happiness also consists of three parts. If the body feels good, the soul is happy, the spirit is calm, then the person is happy. This doll is cheerful, perky, and brings joy and fun to the house. The Bell doll is a talisman of good mood. By giving it, a person wishes his friend to receive only good news. When parents went to work, they left their child a bunny for their finger. This was the first friend and interlocutor with whom you could play, chat, and tell all your secrets. This is the image of a married woman, a mother-nurse. This doll accompanied the child from childhood until he “left”, i.e. did not tear, spoiled. The doll's head, arms and legs are made from raw fabric or rags and twisted with thread. The doll's outfit usually contains red - the color of warmth, health, and joy. Veps small Vepsian ones are not only large, but also small - only 4 cm. A leader is an image of a mother leading a baby, so the name speaks for itself: leading to life. A child just beginning to take his first steps is closely connected with his mother; she leads him, holding him tightly by the arms. The family is the main link in the Tribal tradition. A mother must not only raise a girl, but also prepare her for married life. A girl trained and prepared for marriage was called Vesta. The bride was the girl whom it was too late to train; although she was ready, she was not trained, that is, she was not Vesta. No one took Vesta as his wife - it was considered marriage. The mother learns herself to be wise, patient, caring and leads the child into the world, teaches him to learn about life, make decisions independently, and make his own choices. The folk ritual doll “Ten Hands” was made by our ancestors as an assistant in business. This doll belongs to the helper dolls. For each hand you need to make a wish - a task in which the doll should help. 9 red strings-bows are tied in a circle to the bottom of the sundress. People have a fairy tale about Ten Hands: Long ago, a hardworking woman lived in the same village. She got up before the sun and went to bed with the first stars. He works tirelessly all day long. And there is more and more work. She sat down in the evening and cried: “Oh, woe is me, I’m working, working, and there’s more and more work to do, if only I had another pair of hands I could definitely handle it.” |
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State budgetary educational institution of the Samara region secondary school named after V.G. Solodovnikov
With. Chernorechye municipal district Volzhsky, Samara region, structural unit "Kindergarten "Rucheyok""
Club program
"Secrets of a Rag Doll"
for children of senior preschool age
Performed
Molodkina Elizaveta Viktorovna
Educator,
GBOU secondary school s. Chernoreche "Kindergarten "Rucheyok""
Samara, 2014
Explanatory note
Among the many factors that determine the development of a preschool child, the most powerful is culture. In the process of productive creative activity, the appropriation of cultural values, the child develops and develops creative imagination, communication skills, the ability to accept the position of another person, and the foundations of his future reflection. In this process, the child and the adult jointly transform the historical experience of mankind into a system of open problems that are subject to specific understanding on the part of the child. The sooner a child feels his roots, the “roots of memory,” the more willingly he will turn to further experience and knowledge of people who lived in distant times, and learn to honor the memory of his ancestors.
Toys are the most important components of any culture. A toy is a cultural tool through which the state of modern culture is conveyed in a “collapsed form”. With the help of a toy, the very essence of human relationships and the complex world order are conveyed to the child. Toys are carriers of sacred values and generic information. One of the most favorite toys has always been a DOLL.
The doll is the first among toys. She has been known since ancient times, remaining forever young. Time does not affect her; she still finds her way to the hearts of children and adults. A doll is not born on its own, it is created by a person. Being part of the culture of all humanity, the doll retains in its appearance the originality and characteristic features of the people who create it. This is the main value of a traditional folk doll.
This program is not a component of the basic program of a preschool educational institution, but is a variable element of the curriculum that ensures the individual development of students.
Fundamentally true in the organization of classes is the unity of knowledge and empathy, the activation of all mental processes that ensure the successful implementation of children's creative activity.
The course contains 26 lessons. Club classes are held once a week in the afternoon, lasting from 30 to 40 minutes. Their duration depends on the content and children's enthusiasm. The condition for the successful organization of classes is their optimal pace, ensured by a rational change in active and passive forms of cognition, dynamism and staticity in the motor mode of classes.
A special feature of this course is the allocation of special time in some classes aimed at implementing the national-regional component. Lesson notes contain educational information for both children and the teacher, as well as a description of the practical activities of creating a rag folk doll.
Purpose of the course – To develop the applied creativity of preschool children through knowledge of Russian folk traditions, the bearer of which is the oldest of toys - a rag doll.
Tasks:
Educational: study folk traditions associated with the history of the Russian rag doll, teach how to work with fabric to create expressive images.
Developmental: promote the development of manual dexterity, design skills, creativity and the ability to transform materials.
Educational: on folk traditions to cultivate a sense of respect for the customs of our people, interest in folk arts and crafts.
Section I. Russian folk doll.
What do we know about dolls? Dolls from grandma's chest. The history of the rag doll and its purpose.
Know when the dolls appeared;
Who creates dolls and for what?
What is a traditional folk doll made of?
Perform basic operations when working with a needle and scissors.
Section II. Amulet dolls.
What is a “amulet”. Purpose of amulet dolls. Properties of fabric.
Topic 1. Kuvadka.
Topic 2. Swaddle dolls.
Topic 3. The doll is a twist.
Topic 4. Angel.
Topic 5. Herbal egg capsule.
Topic 6. “Oberezhye” (final game session).
Requirements for knowledge and skills:
Know the purpose of amulet dolls;
Develop skills in working with fabric;
Respect the traditions of the Russian people;
Be able to create an image that carries meaning.
Section III. Ritual dolls.
Folk ritual holidays. A doll is a carrier of traditional and cultural information. Rules for working with tools.
Topic 1. Grain (grain).
Topic 2. Gift-for-gift.
Topic 3. Lovebirds.
Topic 4. Ten-handed doll.
Topic 5. “Handicrafts” (final practical lesson).
Requirements for knowledge and skills:
Know the purpose of ritual dolls;
Develop needle handling skills;
Understand the logical connections between dolls and customs;
Be able to independently create an invented image, endowing it with semantic meaning.
Section IV. Play dolls.
A doll is the oldest toy. Who made the first doll for a child. Why did the doll have no face?
Topic 1. Feeding doll.
Topic 2. Cabbage doll.
Topic 3. Ash doll.
Topic 4. Master class from "Vasilinok".
Requirements for knowledge and skills:
Know the history of the gaming doll;
Be able to create an artistic image in folk traditions;
Be able to work according to plan.
Thematic plan
Name of sections and topics | Quantity classes | Term |
Section I . Russian folk doll. | ||
Topic 1. What do we know about dolls? | October |
|
Topic 2. The history of the rag doll. | October |
|
Section II . Amulet dolls | ||
Topic 1. Cuddly doll. | October |
|
Topic 2. Swaddle dolls. | October |
|
Topic 3. Twist doll. | November |
|
Topic 4. Angel. | November |
|
Topic 5. Herbal egg capsule. | November December |
|
Topic 6. “Protective”. | December |
|
Section III . Ritual dolls | ||
Topic 1. Zernushka (Krupenichka). | December - January |
|
Topic 2. Gift-for-gift. | January |
|
Topic 3. Lovebirds. | February |
|
Topic 4. Ten-handed doll. | February |
|
Topic 5. “Craftwomen”. | March |
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Section IV. Play dolls. | ||
Topic 1. Feeding doll. | March |
|
Topic 2. Cabbage doll. | March, April |
|
Topic 3. Ash doll. | April |
|
Topic 4. Master class from “Vasilinok”. | April |
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Total: |
Requirements for the level of training of students
Requirements for skills and knowledge acquired as a result of attending the circle:
Pupil must | Basic component | DOW component | National-regional component |
Know | The history of Russian folk dolls and related cultural traditions. | Know about the place of Russian folk dolls in history and culture. | Know some folklore works of our Kurgan authors. |
Be able to | Create an expressive image in folk traditions from available textile material. | Present the rag doll as a museum exhibit. | Find logical connections between image and tradition. |
Methods for checking the achievement of the requirements for knowledge, skills and abilities of students.
List of learning tools
- Technical training aids- tape recorder, DVD, television and video equipment.
- Educational visual aids- diagrams, models.
- Equipment – samples of folk rag dolls, needles, scissors.
Class notes
Section I. Russian folk doll.
Lesson 1. “What do we know about dolls?”
Target: Introduce the history of Russian folk dolls and their purpose.
Equipment: Exhibition of Russian folk dolls at the Trans-Ural Svetelka Museum. Record player.
Preliminary work:Excursion to the city museum of local lore to the exhibition “Folk Toy”.
Musical series:Russian folk music.
Class: The lesson is conducted with children in the form of an excursion to the Trans-Ural Light Museum.
The doll is the first among toys. She has been known since ancient times, remaining forever young. Time does not affect her; she still finds her way to the hearts of children and adults. Wherever a person settles and lives, a doll is his constant companion. It is simple, but in this simplicity lies a great mystery. The doll is not born on its own. It is created by man. Being part of the culture of all humanity, the doll retains in its image the originality and characteristic features of the people who create it. This is the main value of a traditional folk doll. In ancient times, dolls served as a ritual symbol; they participated in magical spells and mysteries. Various magical properties were attributed to dolls: they could protect a person from evil forces, take on illnesses and misfortunes, and help a good harvest. Remember what attitude our grandparents had towards toys. The way they were taken care of, it was impossible to intentionally break the doll and throw it away. This attitude is not because there were few toys, it’s just that the folk commandments were alive: a toy is alive. The master, when creating it, transferred part of his soul to his creation. Everything was done by hand, for a specific child, in a single copy.
In many Russian fairy tales there are dolls to whom the heroes entrust their sorrows and joys and share their thoughts. And little helper dolls do not leave their owners in trouble.
The doll was dressed up, but the face was not painted. According to popular beliefs, a doll without a face was considered inanimate, inaccessible to evil spirits and evil forces, and therefore harmless to the child. Therefore, the faceless doll was both a toy, and a wise teacher in life, and a friend, and a companion, and a talisman.
Playing with dolls was encouraged by adults because... By playing in them, the child learned how to run a household and acquired the image of a family. The doll was not just a toy, but a symbol of procreation, a guarantee of family happiness.
Previously, there was a custom in the family - when a woman found out that she was having a child, she began to make a rag doll without scissors and a needle. She makes a doll, puts it in a cradle, and both of them are already waiting for the baby to appear.
And the doll protects the cradle from the evil eye. The child grows up and plays with his first amulet doll.
Mostly improvised materials were used to make dolls. They made dolls from straw, from clay, from wood, from bast, from reeds, from corn cobs, from grass roots, ash, from twigs and branches of trees.
Even in the 19th century in Rus', toys were never left in the hut at random - “they were kept in a basket or in small chests with a note or embossing, stored in bast boxes so that they would not lie anywhere. They passed from one girl to another,” after all, peasant families at that time were very numerous, there were 11-15 children in families. To become a good mother, they believed that you need to play with dolls.
Lesson 2. "The Story of a Rag Doll"
Target: Introduce children to the traditional rag doll and the materials from which it is made.
Equipment: Samples of rag dolls. Record player. Scissors, needles, rectangular templates.
Materials: Scraps of fabric, threads, yarn, braid, ribbons.
Literary series: Puzzles:
And I poke and poke: the nose is steel,
steel nose, linen tail.
The princess-lady sewed and dressed up the whole world.
She dressed it up, sheathed it, she walked around naked.
Musical series:Russian folk music.
Class:
The traditional Russian rag doll was “faceless”, which allowed children to dream and fantasize. Children could invent the doll's mood and character. The advantage of such a doll was its quick production, it was individual in its own way and was never repeated. Such a well-made and well-sewn doll was considered a good gift and was considered as a standard of handicraft. It was used to judge the taste and skill of the hostess. The disadvantage of a rag doll was that it could not be washed, combed or sewn new clothes, because the suit, as a rule, was never removed from the doll. Many rag dolls were ephemera.
After examining the dolls, children directly work with the tools. Suggested operations: trace the template onto the fabric and cut it out; thread the needle and tie a knot; fold the fabric in half and stitch the side sections using a needle-forward seam; fasten the thread; weave a braid from wool yarn; make a “twist” from a strip of fabric and tie it with threads.
Section II. Amulet dolls.
Lesson 1. “Kuvadka”
Target: Introduce children to folk traditions. Give the concept of “amulet” and explain the purpose of amulet dolls.
Equipment: “Kuvadki” dolls, operating algorithm diagram (see Appendix 1), tape recorder.
Materials: Scraps of fabric 6x6 cm, 10x22 cm, floss threads.
Music series : Russian folk music.
Class:
In the old days, in the Russian village, every housewife in her house had a doll in the “red corner” (that was the name of the corner in which the icon and other holy and protective things stood). And when there were quarrels in the family, then, left alone, the woman opened the windows and, as if with a small broom-doll, “swept the dirty laundry out of the hut.” This is not material garbage, but rubbish, which causes quarrels in the house.
Another very ancient doll is known. When a woman cut her hair, she collected it in a small bag and made a doll. It was believed that when a person fell ill, he had to be surrounded by such dolls and he would recover.
When the woman went to the field, she took the child and, so that he could play with something, made him a doll out of grass. Often such a doll was used for medicinal purposes. When a child was sick, medicinal herbs were woven into such a doll. And when the child played with it, the smell of the grass had a healing effect on him. It was believed that the doll protected him from illness.
They didn't play with dolls like that. They were kept in chests. Men also used these dolls. A woman gave a doll to a man when he went on a journey or to war. It was believed that the doll protected the man and reminded him of home and hearth.
The Kuvadka doll was hung over the cradle after the baby’s baptism, still protecting him from the countless machinations of evil spirits. In some provinces, two weeks before the birth of a child, the expectant mother placed such a doll as a talisman in the cradle. When the parents went to the field to work and the child was left alone in the house, he looked at these little dolls and played calmly. As a rule, these toys were small in size and all of different colors, this developed the baby’s vision.Usually there are from 3 to 5 dolls made of multi-colored fabric in the crib. Bright and cheerful, they replaced rattles.
To make a doll, we use scraps of bright multi-colored fabric and floss thread.
We twist the flap towards the middle along the long sides and bend it in half. Having retreated approximately 2 cm from the fold, we tighten the folded flap with several turns of thread of a contrasting color. We tie the ends of the thread with a double knot. From a piece of a different color measuring 6x6 cm, we make a second twist in the same way. Using a thread of a contrasting color, we tighten it on both sides, departing 1 cm from the edges. We place the middle of the second twist between the ends of the first until it stops in the tied thread and secure it over the first twist with a bright thread, first with several turns, then crosswise. The lower part of the first twist is slightly straightened into a fluffy dress.
Lesson 2. "Baby dolls"
Target: Continue to introduce folk traditions. Develop the ability to work with fabric and threads.
Equipment: Samples of Pelenashek dolls, diagram of the operating algorithm (see Appendix 1).
Materials: A strip of white fabric 15x50cm, scraps of colored fabric measuring 10x10cm and 20x20cm, floss threads, ribbons 0.5-1cm wide.
Literary series:Lullaby E.S. Khabarova “Like Grandma Varvara”
Dictionary: Swaddle, baptism, cradle.
Class:
A swaddle doll is a very simple doll in appearance - a baby in a scarf, swaddled in a swaddle and wrapped in a swaddling blanket.In an ancient Russian village, peasants believed that evil spirits were trying in every possible way to harm defenseless people. To confuse evil spirits, a swaddled doll was placed next to the baby in the cradle, where it was kept until the child was baptized, in order to take on all the misfortunes that threatened the baby - to protect him.
The doll was made from a piece of worn homespun clothing, which had absorbed the warmth of the hands that made it and was soaked with labor sweat. It was believed that a piece of vitality was transferred to the doll with native, homemade material. When made, the doll in the hands of a person seemed to repeat the sacrament of birth.
A diaper or baby doll served as a talisman, i.e. protected the baby from everything bad and evil. They also placed a doll in the child’s hand as a natural massager.
The diaper is simple to make.
It is made from a long piece of white, worn fabric. And the worn fabric is thin, so it takes quite a long time to roll up. It was believed that worn fabric carried a piece of vitality. We twist the fabric tightly into a roll and tie it in the middle with a specially made belt. And the belt is simply twisted from two threads. We tie a knot symbolizing the navel - the center of vitality. Then we designate the head. To do this, we drag the roll with threads, highlighting a third of the length.
We tie a scarf, swaddle it tightly in a diaper and wrap it with ribbon. The doll is ready.
At the end of the lesson, the children play with their dolls, rocking them to a lullaby:
“Like Grandma Varvara”
Like Grandma Varvara has goods in her store,
There are pacifiers, rattles, colorful toys.
We bought a balalaika, a gray cat, let's play.
The balalaika started playing and my daughter stopped crying.
Rumble, racket, racket, racket, we have fun all day long,
Balalaika sighed, my daughter fell asleep.
Lesson 3-4. "Spin Doll"
Target: Based on a folk tale, introduce children to the protective properties of the doll. Learn to respect the traditions of your people. Continue to develop fabric skills, manual dexterity, and the ability to use a pattern.
Equipment: Twist dolls, diagram of the operating algorithm (see Appendix 1).
Materials: Scraps of fabric 20x20 cm, scraps of white fabric 10x10 cm, multi-colored scraps for clothes, braid, ribbons for decorating a doll's costume, floss, wool. or cotton yarn.
Literary series:Afanasyev's fairy tale "Vasilisa the Beautiful".
Class:
The lesson is held in the Trans-Ural Svetelka museum, surrounded by antiques and items of peasant life.
We often dream of having a powerful assistant, a friend, with whom it will be easier and more interesting to live and overcome adversity. It is this little sorceress - a Russian traditional spinning doll - that I want to introduce you to.
“In a certain kingdom there lived a merchant. He lived in marriage for twelve years and had only one daughter, Vasilisa the Beautiful. When her mother died, the girl was eight years old. Dying, the merchant's wife called her daughter to her, took out the doll from under the blanket, gave it to her and said: “Listen, Vasilisa! Remember and fulfill my last words. I’m dying and, together with my parent’s blessing, I’m leaving you this doll; always keep it with you and don’t show it to anyone; and when some misfortune happens to you, give her something to eat and ask her for advice. She will eat and tell you how to help the misfortune”...
When her mother died, Vasilisa's father married an evil stepmother, who disliked her stepdaughter. She harassed her, forcing her to do all the housework. However, Vasilisa endured everything without complaint, and every day she grew prettier and plumper, and meanwhile the stepmother and her daughters grew thin and ugly with anger, despite the fact that they always sat with folded arms like ladies. How was this done?
Vasilisa was helped by her doll. Without this, where would a girl cope with all the work! But Vasilisa herself would not eat, but would leave the doll the most delicious morsel, and in the evening, after everyone had settled down, she would lock herself in the closet where she lived and treat her, saying: “Here, doll, eat, listen to my grief!” I live in my father’s house, I don’t see any joy for myself; The evil stepmother is driving me out of the world. Will you teach me how to be and live and what to do?” The doll eats, and then gives her advice and consoles her in grief, and the next morning she does all the work for Vasilisa. It was good for her to live with her doll..."
This doll helped Vasilisa endure a lot of grief and go through all the trials that her stepmother and Baba Yaga prepared for her. Vasilisa took care of her doll, and “...at the end of her life she always carried it in her pocket.”
Previously, every peasant house had many such dolls. This was the most common toy. When born, the first thing a newborn child saw in his cradle was the spinning doll that his mother made for his birth. The woman made this doll, thinking about her future child, wishing him a bright and easy life. Carefully twisting the fabric, she seemed to put love and affection for her child into this doll, creating the doll’s body, arms, and head with her own hands.
There is a popular belief - if a pregnant woman often looks a lot at beautiful, pleasant things, then the child will also be handsome and beautiful. Therefore, the woman made the doll carefully, carefully, and dressed it in bright, beautiful clothes. The finished doll was placed in a cradle, where she waited for the birth of the child, protecting this place from unkind glances and evil spirits. People believed that the doll protected the child's sleep and peace of mind, and therefore she was always next to him both in dreams and in games.
Growing up, children also began to “twirl” such dolls themselves. In many houses there were dozens of them, and it was believed that they brought good luck and wealth, promised a rich harvest and were symbols of procreation. Many dolls were passed from mother to daughter, and then to granddaughter and great-granddaughter.
Teenage girls made such dolls for themselves, their younger sisters and brothers, and dressed them to their liking. They did this with great diligence, as the older women in the family looked at how skillfully and carefully the girl made clothes for the doll. The skill of making doll clothes was used to judge the girl’s readiness to learn a real craft. And, on the contrary, if a girl does not show effort in making a doll and in other work, they said: “Yes, she still plays with dolls!” and was considered incompetent. A beautiful doll, lovingly made with her own hands, was the girl’s pride and her faithful friend. Many dolls were passed from mother to daughter, and then to granddaughter and great-granddaughter.
Peace and joy come when you play with such a doll, made from soft cotton and linen rags. The main feature of this doll is that it is made without a needle. When folding and tying the fabric, we do not make a single stitch or prick of a needle, because this is our friend and beregin, and it is inappropriate to prick her body with a needle...
Pieces of fabric of the required size are also torn off by hand, without the help of scissors.
To make the body of the doll, we take a small dense fabric measuring approximately 20x20 cm. Folding one edge of the fabric inward by 3 cm, we make a tight twist-roll. This will be the “body” of our doll. Where the edge of the fabric is folded, there will be a base. It will be thicker so that the doll is stable.
Now, approximately at the level of the neck and waist, we tie our “twist” with thread or rope.
Next we make the head and arms. We take the same square of fabric, preferably white, so that our beauty has a white face. Cover the “twist” in the center with a white cloth and form the head. You can put cotton wool or a small piece of fabric inside to make the head round, and tie it with a thread at neck level. Now you need to straighten the fabric, determine where the front of the doll will be, and remove the excess folds back, rounding the head.
Now we are making hands. We align the opposite, free ends of the fabric, determine the length of the arms and fold the excess fabric inside the sleeve, tucking the edges into the middle. From the edge we measure the size of the doll's palm and tighten the fabric with thread. Now your hands are ready.
We tie the remaining corners of the fabric around the body with thread on the belt. Depending on the tension of the fabric, we determine the direction of the hands. They can be spread wide or slightly lowered. Traditionally, such dolls did not have a face, they were “faceless.”
It was believed that, having a facial expression, the doll acquired a soul and lost its mystery, magic and protective properties.
Let our doll always have a bright face!
The base of our doll is ready. Now the most interesting and creative work: we will dress up our doll. Here you can show all your imagination and skill. Hair and braids can be made from wool or cotton yarn by measuring the required length and number of threads. You can secure them on your head with a ribbon or scarf.
The remaining details of the doll's clothes and decorations are a matter of taste of the hostess!
Lesson 5. “Angel”
Target: Continue to develop skills in working with fabric and familiarize yourself with its properties.
Equipment: Sample doll, fabric folding pattern.
Materials: Pieces of white fabric 20x20 cm, pieces of nylon 15x15 cm, white threads.
Musical series:Russian folk music.
Class:
Like other traditional Russian dolls, the Angel doll is easy to make, but at the same time very original. Used as a Christmas tree decoration. An Angel also hung over a child’s crib, “protecting” his sleep from evil thoughts. Now we will each make our own Guardian Angel. He will be our assistant and amulet.
Place a ball of cotton wool in the middle of the flap and gather the ends of the flap together. After this, in one movement, we wrap the thread around the neck, grabbing one hand in front, then grabbing the other through the back and transferring the thread to one shoulder and tossing it to the other, passing it through the neck and securing it to the belt.Fold the nylon flap like an accordion from corner to corner and wrap the middle with thread. Using the same thread we wrap the wings to the Angel: across one shoulder diagonally and through the other.
Lesson 6-7. "Herbal Pot"
Target: Continue to introduce folk “amulets”. Introduce children to medicinal herbs growing in our area. Develop skills in using scissors and a needle when creating a doll. To teach, creating an image, to endow it with characteristic features and properties.
Equipment: Doll “little herbalist”, diagram of the operating algorithm (see Appendix 3).
Materials: A piece of light fabric 20 x 20cm. - 1 PC. A piece of light fabric in a small pattern 10 x 10 cm - 2 pcs. A triangular piece of bright plain fabric for a scarf, ½ 30 x 30 cm. - 1 PC. Strip of red fabric 20 x 1cm. - 1 PC. A piece of colored fabric 40 x 40cm. - 1 PC. A piece of colored fabric 5 x 5 cm – 2 pcs. Sewing or lace, or a bright strip of fabric 7 x 10cm. for an apron – 1 pc. Belt braid 25cm. Red threads. Fragrant medicinal herbs 3-5 items, 10 g each. each. Sintepon for filling the doll.
Musical series:Russian folk music.
Class:
To keep the air in the hut clean, they made a useful doll called the Herbal Pot. They hung it where the air stagnated or above the child’s cradle. This doll is filled with fragrant medicinal herbs. You need to crush the doll in your hands, move it, and the herbal spirit will spread throughout the room, which will drive away diseases. After 2 years, the grass in the pupa must be changed. This is exactly what our ancestors did.
The herbalist still makes sure that the disease does not enter the house. Warmth emanates from her, like from a caring housewife. She is both a protector from illness and a kind comforter.
How to make a doll:
1. Take a piece of light fabric and put padding polyester or rags in the middle.
2. We make the doll’s head, trying to keep the face without wrinkles. To do this, we tie an even number of turns at the site of the intended neck with red thread.
3. Straighten the fabric diagonally, placing the halves of the flap on top of each other. At the ends of the diagonal we bend the fabric and tie an even number of turns with red thread at a distance of 2-2.5 cm. from the edge. We get hands.
4. Raise your arms and tie an even number of turns with a red thread in the area of the expected waist.
5. Take scraps of light fabric in a small pattern. And in the same way as the head, we make 2 breasts. Each breast is slightly smaller than the head.
6. We tie each breast separately to the neck.
7. Take a red strip and tie two knots on it at a distance of 1.5-2 cm. from each other.
8. We tie a red stripe to the head and get horns.
9. We hide the horns by tying a scarf on our heads, which is tied at the back.
10. Take a large piece of colored fabric, lay it out on the table, fold the ends towards the middle.
11. Baste along the edge with large stitches so that you can pull it into a bag later.
12. Sprinkle some grass in the middle. Place padding polyester or rags on top of the grass. Then we add grass again. Then again padding polyester. We alternate layers until we get enough.
13. We put the upper part of the doll into the sundress and tighten the edges, evenly distributing the folds.
14. We tie an apron under the chest.
15. We tie the doll with a belt on top.
16. Take small scraps of colored fabric, fill each with fragrant grass and tie them up.
17. We hang these bags from the doll’s hands.
18. After this, the doll needs to be smoothed out a little, wrinkled, and bumps and bumps removed.
Here the Herbal Pot is ready!
Lesson 8. “Oberezhye” (final game session)
Target: To consolidate an understanding of the properties of the “amulet” and the purpose of amulet dolls, to promote interest in folk traditions.
Equipment: Dolls made by children in previous lessons.
Musical series:Russian folk music.
Class:
Section III. Ritual dolls.
Lesson 1-2. “Grain (grain)”
Target: Introduce one of the ritual holidays using a fairy tale and the Zernushka doll. Foster respect for traditions and understanding of folk customs. Develop skills in working with a needle and fabric. Contribute to aactivation of the speech centers of the brain through tactile influence on the fingertips.
Equipment: Doll Zernushka. Illustrations for the fairy tale “Krupenichka”, diagram of the operating algorithm (see Appendix 2).
Materials: Linen – 12x16 cm, chintz – 15x15 cm, floss threads, cotton threads, woolen threads, cereals (pearl barley, buckwheat), peas. Scraps of colored chintz, braid, ribbons.
Literary series:Russian folk tale "Krupenichka".
Class:
From early childhood we remember the Russian folk tale about the beautiful Krupenichka. One prince had a daughter, who, at the whim of her father, was named Krupenichka. Krupenichka grew up beautiful, smart and hard-working. But the Tatars attacked the principality, captured Krupenichka and drove her away as a gift to the khan. Krupenichka rejected the khan’s claims to marry. To break the proud beauty, he loaded her with backbreaking work. From dawn to dusk Krupenichka worked in the field. One day a wretched praying mantis passed by, returning from distant holy places. She took pity on Krupenichka, turned her into a buckwheat seed and hid it in a pouch. So she brought it in a pouch to her home. And so that the Tatar Khan could not find Krupenichka, she buried her in the ground. And Krupenichka sprouted into a beautiful buckwheat bush, which gave a bountiful harvest. This is how buckwheat appeared in Rus'.
Buckwheat is one of the most capricious crops, but if treated with care, it fully rewards the efforts spent on caring for it. Therefore, the peasants had a special relationship with buckwheat. Sowing buckwheat was accompanied by a ritual. The first handfuls of selected buckwheat for sowing were taken from a secret bag sewn in the shape of a small doll. With a handful of this cereal, they tried to transfer the saved strength of the earth's nurse to the new harvest.
After the harvest season, the doll-bag was again filled with selected cereals from the new harvest. The doll was dressed up and carefully kept until the next sowing season in the red corner of the hut next to the icons; they believed that only then the next year would be nourishing and sufficient. The doll was lovingly called Krupenichka. The doll is based on a small canvas bag with buckwheat. The doll was dressed up in a traditional Russian women's costume.
By the end of the 19th century, the origins of the ritual were partially lost or distorted. Millet, peas and other main agricultural crops were used to fill it.
In this regard, other names of Krupenichka appeared: Zernovushka, Goroshinka. Among the first dolls of village children of the early 20th century, dolls stuffed with peas or beans are often found. Judging by the quality of execution and the paucity of design, they cannot be classified as ritual and cult dolls, which were made very carefully, especially in the details of the outfit.
Today the Krupenichka doll is experiencing a rebirth. Research by preschool psychologists has revealed a strict relationship between the development of a child’s fingers and speech activity. Activation of the speech centers of the brain through tactile influence on the fingertips during play is the basis of the modern Krupenichka doll.
Manufacturing sequence:
- Fold the linen flap in half and stitch along the side.
- Tie one hole with thread. Turn out the bag.
- Fill the linen bag with cereal (not completely).
- Tighten the bag with threads from above and at neck level. Decorate the head.
- Cut a scarf from a piece of chintz and tie it on the doll’s head. You can make a braid from woolen threads and wear an apron.
- You can dress Zernushka in a sundress, decorate it with braid and ribbons.
Lesson 3-4. "Gift-for-gift"
Target: Getting to know the customs of life in Rus' through a doll. Learn to create an invented image yourself, giving it semantic meaning.
Equipment: Samples of dolls. Algorithm diagrams. Record player.
Musical series:Russian folk music.
Class:
There is such a doll: “Gift-for-gift.” What kind of miracle doll is this, why does it have such an unusual name? Here is a short description of master puppeteer I.V. Agayeva in the magazine “Folk Creativity” 2004, No. 3:
“The Gift-for-Gift doll was common in the southern provinces of Russia. The simplest rag doll, which children from the age of 2 made, thanked for the gift.”
Presumably the “gift-for-gift” doll was one of the first dolls that children in Rus' came into contact with. Each child could make it themselves.
Such a Doll suggests that in Rus' they knew how to teach something very important through a doll. Once upon a time, giving a gift and giving back was one of the most important customs of life. A gift was considered to have power, so it was believed that an object given from a pure heart would bring good luck, while one given with “dark intent” could even cause harm...
The gift connected the giver and the giver with an invisible thread, sometimes weaving their destinies together. It is no coincidence that in the fairy tales of many peoples it is said that blood appears on a donated knife when its donor gets into trouble far, far away from here, in the thirtieth kingdom. And once a gift, a ring or bracelet allows relatives to recognize each other after many years of separation.
The exchange of gifts is found in the folk custom of mutually presenting girls with rings and scarves on Trinity Sunday, and the exchange of crosses when establishing twinning among warriors. It was customary to invite guests to christenings and weddings, presenting them with bread, a towel, and scarves as gifts.
“Gift for Gift” dolls were made without a needle. Such a doll could be useful for thanking the mother for the first clothes (portals and a shirt for a boy, a sundress for a girl). The children said: “Thank you mom and dad for putting me on my feet!”
We make a tight roll from a narrow piece of fabric, fold a large piece of fabric in half, putting the head of the roll inside.
Holding the folded piece of fabric in both hands, you need to stroke the roll with your index fingers so that you get a head. After this, in one movement, twist the thread around the neck, grab one hand from the front, then grab the other through the back and transfer the thread to one shoulder and to the other, pass through the neck and secure it to the belt.It turns out a ready-made doll “Gift for a gift”.
Lesson 5-6. "Lovebirds"
Target: Introduce another folk ritual - a wedding. Give the concept of a doll as a carrier of certain cultural information. Continue to develop and improve your skills in working with fabric. Develop artistic creativity when creating a costume.
Equipment: Dolls “Lovebirds”, diagram of the operating algorithm (see Appendix 2).
Materials: Scraps of plain fabric 10x12cm 1 pc., 10x22 cm 2 pcs., colored scraps, pieces of braid, ribbons, beads, beads, floss, wool yarn.
Musical series:Russian folk music.
Class:
Almost all festive village rituals were played out in puppet games. Most often, weddings are a particularly impressive, solemn and beautiful Russian folk ceremony. They took the game very seriously, maintaining the sequence of the ritual, memorizing and repeating the conversations of adults and the ritual songs they performed. To play, they gathered in groups in a hut, in a barn, or on the street in the summer. And each girl brought with her a box of dolls. There were up to twenty or more of them in the game: the groom, the bride, the parents of the newlyweds, girlfriends and everyone else, as expected at a real wedding. Scene after scene unfolds matchmaking, getting ready for a pilgrimage, gatherings, a bathhouse, a bachelorette party. The bride doll's hair was unraveled, and the girl who played as her friend doll began to cry. After the wedding, the doll-bride's hair was braided into two braids and styled like a woman's, she was seated at the princely table, then the newlyweds were left alone, and the doll wedding ended there.
In village dolls they preferred the female image, even in children's games, if they needed a groom or a man doll, they just took a sliver.
Since ancient times, Rus' has had a wide variety of dolls. And the names of the dolls were simple and innocent. What people saw, what they did, they called it that. So, for example, the “Wedding Doll” appeared, or, as it is also called, “Lovebirds”. The doll symbolizes the union of a man and a woman, their life path together. Such a doll is given as a wedding gift so that the newlyweds go through life together, hand in hand in sorrow and joy, and nothing could separate them. Really, try to separate Lovebirds. The dolls are made in such a way that they can only exist together.
Making a doll:
We twist two 10x22 cm flaps towards the middle along the long sides and bend them in half. Having retreated approximately 2 cm from the fold, we tighten the folded flap with several turns of thread of a contrasting color. We tie the ends of the thread with a double knot. From a piece of a different color measuring 10x12 cm, we make a third twist in the same way. Using a thread of a contrasting color, we tighten it on both sides, departing 1 cm from the edges. We place the third twist between the ends of the first and second until it stops in the tied thread and secure it over the first and second twists with a bright thread, first with several turns, then crosswise. The lower part of the first twist is slightly straightened into a fluffy dress. And we divide the lower part of the second in half, we get legs. We wrap each leg underneath with pieces of fabric and wrap it tightly with thread. You get two dolls that can be dressed and decorated. The “wedding doll” can be dressed up in a beautiful sundress, a braid made of woolen threads, jewelry made from beads, a shirt and a belt.
Lesson 7-8. "Ten-handed doll"
Target: Teach to understand the logical connections between the doll and tradition. Develop constructive skills and creative imagination.
Equipment: Scissors, needles, a diagram for making a Kuvadka doll.
Materials: Twigs (you can use cocktail straws) 8 cm, 5 pcs., wool yarn, floss, a piece of fabric 24x12 cm, beads.
Musical series:Russian folk music.
Class:
The ten-handed doll was intended to help the housewife; she helped a girl or young woman (a girl who had recently gotten married) in the household. Such a doll was often given as a wedding gift so that the woman could do everything and everything would go well for her.
The doll is made according to the principle of a doll, but has 10 arms. To make handles, take twigs 8 cm long and wrap them tightly with multi-colored wool yarn. We twist a rectangular piece of fabric 24x12 cm along the long side and bend it in half. We put a bunch of floss threads into the fold, which are then braided into a braid. Stepping back 2 cm from the fold, tightly wrap the neck with threads and secure the ends of the threads with a double knot. We place all 5 twigs between the ends of the twist, distributing them like a fan and securing them with threads, first around the twist, then crosswise. The braid and skirt “Ten Hands” can be decorated with ribbons, beads, and an apron can be put on it.
Lesson 9. “Handicrafts” (final practical lesson)
Target: Improve manual skills when working with fabric in the process of creating a creative image. Develop logical thinking, consolidate knowledge of the customs of your people.
Equipment: All algorithm diagrams from previous lessons, scissors, needles.
Materials: Scraps of fabric of different sizes and colors, threads, yarn, braid, ribbons, cotton wool, padding polyester, dry medicinal herbs, beads, beads. Sheets of paper, pencils.
Musical series:Russian folk music.
Class:
Children are invited to draw a sketch of the doll that they will create, endowing it with certain properties. After creating a creative image on paper, everyone selects everything they need from the proposed materials and begins to design their own doll. At the end of the work, each child not only imagines a creative image of his doll, but also comes up with a meaning for it (this could be a doll symbolizing a famous Russian folk ritual, or a modern holiday of the child’s choice).
Section IV. Play dolls.
Lesson 1-2. "Nurse doll"
Target: Give the concept of a doll as the oldest toy. Introduce the oldest play doll - the Vepsian doll.
Equipment: Sample of a nursing doll. Scheme of the operating algorithm (see Appendix 2).
Materials: Fabric scraps 20x20 cm: 1 white, 4 colors. Cotton wool. Threads.
Musical series:Russian folk music.
Class:
Since ancient times, a traditional toy in the life of the Russian village, even in the poorest peasant families, has been a rag doll. In other houses, up to a hundred of them accumulated. Dolls were not just girls' fun. All the children played until they were 7-8 years old, while they wore shirts. But only boys began to wear portages, and girls began to wear skirts; their playing roles and the games themselves were strictly separated. While the children were small, their mothers, grandmothers, and older sisters sewed dolls for them. From the age of five, any girl could make such a doll.
There is a doll that accompanied the child from childhood until it “left”, i.e. did not tear, spoiled. This is a “Vepsian doll”, or, as it is also called, a feeding doll. Today the Vepsians are a small people living in the territory of Karelia, Leningrad and Vologda regions, which have preserved their traditions and rituals, many of which are similar to those of North Russia. Since ancient times, outside the borders of Russia, it has been customary to consider as Russian all those who accepted Orthodoxy and submitted to the authority of the Moscow princes. And, probably, the Vepsian doll, which has preserved the name of the people who created it, is rightfully placed among the traditional Russian dolls. The Vepsian doll is an image of a married woman.It was made from mother's old things without using scissors or needles. Why? So that the child’s life is not “cut and stabbed.” Before the baby was born, this doll was placed in it to warm the cradle. And after birth, the doll hung over the cradle and protected the baby from “damage.” When the child grew up, he played with her. Presumably, this doll contains an image of maternal strength and an image of motherhood. That's why they call it the feeder. Since the very depths of past years, a symbol of a nursing mother has been considered a full breast for feeding children.
The doll is made of five square pieces of fabric. One piece is white, for the head, and the rest are colored: two squares for the chest, and two more for the arms. The creation of this doll begins from the head. Place a ball of cotton wool in the middle of a square of white fabric and wind the neck six or seven turns, securing the end of the thread. So it turned out to be a little head.
Next we make the chest. We do both the head and the breasts in the same way, the only difference is that we roll the chest out of a colored scrap.
The main task is to hold all three “bubbles” in your hands and continue making the doll!
We make our hands by rolling square pieces of paper from the corners towards each other, we get these tubes, so we rolled one, put it in our hand, now the other…. It’s better to prepare the belt in advance to collect the entire doll.
We put the belt on top under the chest and wrap it around it, bring the ends in front of us and then cross them, securing the chest, and tie it. We straighten the entire resulting doll and here it is: beauty!
Old people said that they used to stuff grass or poppy seeds into such a doll, and the baby could even pull it into his mouth: after all, neither a scarf nor an apron was put on this doll. And in the first days of life, this doll was hung over the cradle of girls. Apparently, there was something important in this image for the soul that came into this world.
Lesson 3-4. "Cabbage Doll"
Target: Improve constructive skills when working with fabric. Develop artistic taste when selecting materials.
Equipment: Cabbage doll, operating algorithm diagram (see Appendix 3).
Materials: A rectangular piece of fabric 15x30 cm, a white piece of fabric 20x20 cm, cotton wool, floss, colored scraps of chintz and linen, braid.
Musical series:Russian folk songs.
Class:
"Cabbage" - this is a doll that is called a Vepsian play doll. It is believed that this doll came to us in Siberia with the Vepsian settlers, and has an ancient history.
This doll is based on a column of linen or chintz fabric; the column is rolled up tightly and smoothly, so that the doll can stand as if on its own two feet! For greater stability, you can tuck the bottom edge of the fabric, then roll it up.
Having rolled up the column, we divide it into three parts, wrap a thread around the place where the belt is worn - this turns out to be in half. Then we throw a square of white fabric on top, and we also wrap a thread around that place, then we tuck its tip with a wedge stick so that it does not develop.
We fold the square with a scarf, forming a pair of hands. On the side where the front is supposed to be, we put breast balls under the scarf. They used to be made from flax or hemp tow, but now they put in lumps of cotton wool or lumps of fabric.
Now you need to wrap a thread around the doll on the belt, throw it diagonally over the shoulder, then wrap it around the throat, and over the shoulder - return to the belt, you should get such a crosshair.
The base is ready, now the doll can be dressed up.
We dress her up in an underskirt so that she is lush and dignified, then - a skirt on top and a headdress, the way you want. The pieces of fabric themselves tell you what kind of headdress you will make. There’s also a handkerchief, maybe just tied under the chin, or maybe a ribbon on the head. Now let’s tie the doll with a brighter and more beautiful belt, and our Cabbage is ready!
Lesson 5-6. "Ash Doll"
Target: Continue to introduce children to the materials at hand that our grandmothers used to make dolls. Foster respect for the cultural heritage of your people. Develop constructive skills.
Equipment: Sample of an ash doll, diagram of the operating algorithm (see Appendix 3).
Materials : Two pieces of fabric 20x20 cm, sand (instead of ash), a colored piece of fabric 20x15 cm, threads, ribbons.
Musical series:Russian folk music.
Class:
The very first dolls were made from ash. Ash was taken from the hearths and mixed with water. Then a ball was rolled up and a skirt was attached to it. This doll was called Baba - a female deity. When moving to a new place, they always took this doll from the ashes of the home with them, apparently so that in the new place there would again be a hearth, comfort, and home.
Two types of dolls were made from ash: full dolls and baby dolls. We used an ash ball as a basis, and we will take sand. Pour sand into a rag and twist the ends of the flap into a “beard”, applying sticks to them for strength (so that the neck and head do not dangle). We moisten the ball with water, form a face, for a doll you can squeeze out a bump and wrap it with a thread. We swaddle the baby dolls in scraps of multi-colored fabric and tie them with a ribbon. We will attach ball breasts to the doll, dress it in a sundress or a fluffy skirt, and tie a scarf.
Lesson 7. Master class from "Vasilinok"
Target: Identify the level of skills, knowledge and skills of children in the sections of the course. Promote joint creativity between children and parents.
Equipment: Algorithm diagrams for making rag dolls. Scissors, needles.
Materials: Scraps of fabric (linen, chintz), padding polyester, dry medicinal herbs, sand, cereals (pearl barley, buckwheat), threads, yarn, braid, ribbons, beads.
Musical series:Russian folk music.
Class:
The lesson is conducted together with the parents of the students. Children act as craftswomen. Throughout their joint activities, children expand their experience of social interaction, learn to share their knowledge, and parents gain respect for the child for his skills and enjoy joint creativity. The activity helps bring children and adults closer together, develops interest in folk arts and crafts and respect for Russian customs and traditions.
The result of the circle’s activities is an exhibition of Russian folk dolls made by the hands of students, both in the classroom and in the family.
Note: Independent creative activity of children is accompanied by Russian folk music (see Appendix 4).
Annex 1
Appendix 2
Appendix 3
Appendix 4
Music app
- Russian round dance.
- "Katerinushka" lyrical dance.
- "Rossianochka" girlish play dance.
- “Along the Village” (V. Golikov, V. Korotkova).
- “Golden Khokhloma” (V. Sveshnikov, M. Vakhutinsky).
- “Meadow Duck” Russian folk song arranged by V. Gorodovskaya.
- “Komarinskaya” concert piece on a Russian theme for balalaika and orchestra (A. Kurchenko).
- “Cossack” (M. Vakhutinsky).
- “Northern searches” on the themes of harmonica tunes (S. Smetanina, A. Shirokov).
- “Lady” fair fun (A. Kurchenko).
- “Russian souvenir” (D. Loshkin, V. Poponova).
Bibliography
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2. Afanasyeva S. Debut. Program on the basics of artistic craft. (“Kindergarten from A to Z” No. 6/2005).
3. Gribovskaya A. Familiarization of preschoolers with folk arts and crafts. (“Child in kindergarten” No. 6/2006).
4. Once upon a time...: Russian ritual poetry / Comp. G.G. Shapovalova, L.S. Lavrentiev - St. Petersburg: Russko-Balt. Information BLITZ Center, 1998.
5. Lavrinenko N. Ethnopedagogy. Its role in the development of students' creative abilities. (“Preschool education” No. 12/2006).
6. Local traditions of folk culture at the end of the 20th century: Materials of the regional scientific and practical conference (Kurgan, December 14, 2001) / Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation; KSU. – Kurgan: KSU Publishing House, 2002.
7. Maksimov Yu.V. At the origins of craftsmanship: Folk art in the artistic education of children. From work experience. – M.: Enlightenment.
9. Miklyaeva N. Methodology for developing an author's program. (“Kindergarten from A to Z” No. 3/2006).
10. Museum pedagogy: From the experience of methodological work / Ed. A.N. Morozova, O.V. Melnikova. – M.: TC Sfera, 2006. – 416 p. – (Development Program).
11. Folk art in raising children / Ed. T.S. Komarova. – M.: Pedagogical Society of Russia, 2005.
12. Russian customs, rituals, legends and superstitions / Comp. A.V. Kopylova. – M.: RIPOL CLASSIC, 2003.
13. Sazhina S.D. Drawing up working training programs for preschool educational institutions. Guidelines. – M.: TC Sfera, 2006 – 112 p. – (Library of the head of the preschool educational institution).
14. One hundred tales of the Southern Trans-Urals: textbook / Ministry of Education and Science of Russia. Federation, Kurg. State University; [Compiled, scientific. Art. and comment: V.P. Fedorov; E.V. Rychkova]. – Kurgan: Editorial and publishing center Kurg. state University, 2005.
15. Tikhonova O.G. Preschoolers about museum culture: A methodological guide for educators, preschool teachers and parents. – M.: ARKTI, 2006.
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17. The cat has a bayun: Book. for family and children's leisure: Children. folklore of Trans-Urals / Comp. V.P. Fedorova – Chelyabinsk: Yuzh. - Ural. book publishing house, 1992.
Since ancient times, folk dolls in Rus' have occupied a special place, because life is impossible without holidays, the performance of rituals, the preparation of national costumes and the use of various objects of applied art. Dolls were made not only for children, their main role was ritual.
A little history
The history of the folk doll, which was used on holidays or during folk rituals, goes back to those years when there was paganism in Rus'. Long before the Baptism of Rus', the Slavs celebrated the resurrection of Dazhdbog every spring, baking Easter cakes, which they then sacrificed to him. Even then, pysanka was a magical talisman of the ancient Slavs.
According to historians, with the introduction of the Orthodox religion, each pagan holiday gradually acquired Christian significance: the ancient holiday Kolyada (winter solstice) became the Nativity of Christ, Kupala (summer solstice) became the holiday of John the Baptist, Christian Easter coincided with the spring Slavic holiday called Velikden. The tradition of painting Easter eggs and baking Easter cakes also came from ancient celebrations of the Great Day.
From there arose the tradition of making ritual Easter dolls and motanka dolls, which are considered the most powerful amulets for women.
Types of dolls
The life of a Russian, or any other people, is impossible without rituals with national costumes, holidays and folklore. Ancient dolls were always made from various items that were at hand: straw, tree branches, pieces of fabric, rope, moss.
The types of folk dolls in Rus' were as follows:
- Ritual - made for participation in rituals (agricultural, wedding, holiday).
- Amulet dolls were made from ash, pieces of fabric, and birch twigs. The main rule in their manufacture was the absence of tools. Such dolls were made for a specific person or family, usually without a face (it was believed that a faceless doll could not harm people).
- A folk play doll was made from materials found in the house (remnants of clothing), no larger than a fist.
Playing children's dolls
Playing folk dolls were made for small children so that they would have more fun with them. They were made only from natural materials: grass, pine cones, clay, charcoal, moss and fabric. All dolls had to be faceless so that the soul could not move into them, and they could not be used for witchcraft. Children's play dolls have always been protective in order to protect the child from evil spirits. Traditional rag dolls, made especially for children, had their own names:
- Ash doll - the first children's dolls were made from ash, which was taken from the hearth, then mixed with water and rolled into a ball to form a head; Such dolls were considered a strong amulet for a child.
- A friend doll was made so that the child would not be afraid to stay at home alone (for example, “bunny on the finger”, bird, spin dolls). Such a doll (folk) is a toy that was made by a grandmother together with her granddaughters, a mother together with her daughters, teaching them and at the same time accustoming them to creativity and hard work.
- The bird doll was made from a piece of bright fabric in the shape of a square, giving the shape of a bird using threads. Such birds are made small and hung in the corners of the house or above the child’s crib.
- A diaper - a doll swaddled with cloth, was placed in the baby's cradle to take on all the misfortunes from evil spirits.
- Senya-Malina, a doll with a sunny red mane, conveying the image of a handsome man in a bright shirt, was popular in the villages of Northern Pomerania, various fairy tales were written about him and was called the northern Munchausen.
Rag dolls
Starting at the age of five, girls themselves began to “twirl” their dolls under the guidance of their grandmother or mother. The folk rag doll was made from wool or cotton pieces of fabric, flax and multi-colored ribbons and threads. You only had to make a rag doll with a good mood and love. According to tradition, it was also customary to sing and talk, and make a wish.
Twist dolls (or another name for a column) are made by twisting a piece of fabric or a birch bark tube, onto which clothing parts are then put on: a shirt, a skirt, a sundress, a warmer; a braid of thread or yarn is made on the head, secured with a scarf.
When making all toys, it was forbidden to use threads and needles, as well as to paint the dolls' faces: it always remained pure white.
Ritual dolls
Folk ritual dolls were performed in compliance with ancient rules (without a needle and thread) for a specific ritual, and then burned (Maslenitsa, Kolyada), drowned (Kupavka) or buried in the ground (Likhomanka, Kostroma). Sometimes the dolls were then given to children to play with:
- Kostroma - made for Maslenitsa, it was placed for the entire holiday week, and then burned.
- An Easter doll (the head is made of an egg) and an Easter dove (always bright red) were used to decorate the house for Easter.
- Kupavka was made on the holiday of Ivan Kupala, then it was celebrated on the water, and by the way it floated (whether it went into a whirlpool, floated freely, or washed ashore), they predicted what the whole year would be like.
- Vesnyanka - friends gave to each other, calling for the imminent arrival of spring.
- Fertility - a doll depicting a mother of many children attracted wealth to the family.
- Fever dolls - usually 13 pieces were made to protect the child from diseases; they were displayed in a row on the stove.
- A nurse with large breasts, the bigger the better.
- The herbal pot, a useful doll filled with fragrant medicinal herbs, purified the air in the hut or above the baby’s cradle, driving away the spirits of disease (the grass needs to be changed every 2 years).
- Kuvad dolls were intended for men; during the birth of their wives, they provided protection with the help of magical rituals (kuvads) from evil spirits. Immediately after a happy birth, the dolls were burned in a cleansing ritual. Starting from the end of the 19th century, folk dolls began to be used in a different way: they were hung over the baby’s cradle as amulets or placed directly in the crib so that the baby could play in the absence of the mother (often there were several of them of different colors, they were a replacement for rattles).
Many ritual dolls were also protective.
Protective dolls
Traditionally, protective folk dolls were participants in family rituals: the birth of children, weddings, amulets against illness, death and funerals. There were a great many of them:
- Bell (invented in Valdai) is a doll that brings good news. She has 3 skirts according to the number of kingdoms and types of happiness (copper, silver, gold). Acts as a talisman that creates a good mood in the house. By giving a Bell to a friend, a person adds a joyful mood to him.
- Girl-woman (Shifter, Vertuha) - a doll with two heads, four arms and 2 skirts. Its secret is simple - one girl doll is hidden under the skirt of another - a woman and appears if she is turned over. Reflects the dual feminine essence: a young girl is beautiful, cheerful and carefree, then, after getting married, she becomes a woman (economic, caring, protecting her family, children and home).
- Lovebirds - amulets that protect married couples, are made on one hand as a symbol that the husband and wife will go through life together in joy and sorrow. According to established tradition, such lovebirds are hung after a church wedding at the head of the wedding procession, and after the wedding they are kept in the house as a talisman of family fidelity.
- Bereginya (family guardian) - hung over the front door to protect the house from evil spirits and the evil eye.
- Zernushka (Krupenichka) - consists of a bag of grain, symbolizing prosperity and a well-fed life.
- A plantain is a small (3-5 cm) doll with a knapsack in her hands (with a pinch of native soil or ash inside), which is intended to protect travelers.
- Cleansing doll - helps get rid of negative energy in the house.
- A doll-column “Fertility” (made differently in various Russian provinces and called by their names: Vladimir, Moscow, Kursk, etc.), several swaddling clothes were usually tied to its body so that the family would flourish and not fade away - given to the young for the wedding with good wishes.
- Ten-handed (has many hands) - helps the housewife manage everything around the house.
Motanka dolls
The Slavic motanka doll takes its origins from Trypillian culture. Its basis is a twisted svarga, the prototype of which is represented in a variety of motifs on clay products found during excavations of burials of the Trypillian era.
Svarga is a symbol of movement, spiral and energy vortices, obtained by twisting and twisting, which has ritual significance. Instead of a face, she had a cross, which testified to her being outside of time and space. She is the archetype of the Great Goddess.
The motanka doll is made without the use of cutting or stabbing tools, only natural materials are taken: straw, herbs, flowers, corn cobs, grains, pieces of worn fabrics (you just need to make sure that the fabrics are from “lucky” old clothes), which were previously worn by loved ones People.
When making the body of the reel, no knots can be tied, the only exception being a small knot at the end, symbolizing the tying of the umbilical cord. While tying it, the craftswoman must make a wish and secure it with her strength. Sometimes arms are made separately, which are then tied to the body.
The outfit and headdress are made separately; it can be embroidered and decorated with lace. Each element has its own meaning:
- the skirt is a symbol of the earth, the wavy line on it is a connection with water;
- shirt - the trinity of the world;
- decorations on the head (ribbon, scarf) are a symbol of connection with the sky.
All separately made parts and decorations are manually wound to the body. Our ancestors were sure that if a doll is started, then it must be finished, otherwise misfortunes will come. Not a single woman left work unfinished, because she was afraid that this would bring trouble and illness to her family.
Folk Doll Museum
Since the 1990s, museums of folk dolls, telling about Russian puppet culture, began to appear in Russia and became very popular. Now there are already about 20 such projects operating in the country, some also represent original and antique copies:
- The Moscow Museum “Doll House” was created in 1993 through the efforts of Russian cultural figures (O. Okudazhava), has a collection of antique dolls, houses for dolls, an exhibition of folk and theatrical pieces.
- Museum of Unique Dolls (created in 1996 by Yu. Vishnevskaya) - contains a collection of specimens of the Russian Empire of the 19th-20th centuries, European dolls, Asian dolls, and toy houses.
- Museum of Folk Toys "Zabavushka" - presents collections of clay, straw, patchwork exhibits, and Russian folk dolls are also presented here.
- Museum of Toys in Sergiev Posad (founded in 1918 by collector N.D. Bartram) - exhibits a collection of antique clay and wood products, porcelain dolls in Russian folk costumes, a collection of toys for the children of Russian Emperor Nicholas II;
- St. Petersburg Doll Museum - since 1998, presents collections of modern and folk exhibits, holds thematic exhibitions (40 thousand items are stored in the museum: dolls, furnishings, clothing, ethnographic items, souvenir items in historical costumes of various eras and peoples , original works of modern masters and designers).
- Museum-estate “Bereginya” (Kozlovo village, Kaluga region) - under the leadership of folk craftswoman Tarasova, 2,000 traditional dolls from all over Russia were collected; Among the exhibits are examples of traditional crafts (Gzhel, Filimonovskaya, Dymkovo, etc.), toys in the national costumes of the regions of Russia and the peoples of the world (40 countries).
Dolls in Russian folk costumes
For a long time, the clothing of a Russian woman had distinctive features and characteristics, by which one could determine her age and class, what region she came from, her occupation and whether she was married. Each Russian province differed in its own styles and colors in the formation of folk costume.
The Russian national outfit has one main feature - a simple silhouette that does not emphasize the shape of the body. This simplicity was balanced by a variety of colors in different parts of the clothing, in bright trim, embroidery and multi-color appliqués. The folk costume, which our ancestors wore until the beginning of the 20th century, was made taking into account not to hinder human movement and to be comfortable at any time of the year under different weather conditions. Structurally, the costume was made in such a way that there was almost no need for scissors or sewing. The main elements of clothing are a shirt (of different lengths: shorter for men, almost to the toes for women), a sundress or a skirt (poneva). The women embroidered all this very beautifully and decorated it with decorative elements. A scarf or kokoshnik was always worn on the head.
Dolls in folk costumes, which were made by women in a specific region of Russia, were also distinguished by their appearance. Rag dolls were usually given to relatives to cement blood ties. Often clothes for toys also had features inherent in local costumes. An important principle by which folk dolls were made was that the costume could not be removed; the toy, together with the clothes, represented an integral image unique to it.
At the same time, the costume determined the ethnically specific type of doll, which could not be changed, assigning a certain role in children's amusements. For example, a toy in a pink sundress could not play the role of an adult married woman in the game, and a “wifey” doll could not be a bride.
Dolls from the "DeAgostini" series
A series that includes dolls in folk costumes, produced by the DeAgostini company, has gained great importance in the popularization of Russian folk costumes. The series consists of 80 issues, each of which contains not only a porcelain toy in the national costume of a certain region of the country, but also a description of the details of clothing, the history of the location, traditions and customs of the region and other interesting information.
A traditional Russian folk doll is a holistic idea of our Slavic ancestors about the structure of the world and the universe, expressed through folk art and handicrafts, which supported a person in his spiritual life.
This article says the following:
- what is a rag doll;
- the history of rag dolls;
- the meaning of rag dolls;
- how to make a rag doll with your own hands;
What is a rag doll
Over the past few decades, the lives of dolls have undergone significant changes. This happens both quantitatively and qualitatively. A lot of different dolls appeared - bad and good, beautiful and terrible, cute and ugly. Nowadays you can find a doll for every taste, and for people interested in this topic, it is not difficult to obtain a doll according to individual requests. But against this background, I want to remember and talk about a rag doll, which was the most common item of handicraft among many large and small nations throughout our planet.
First of all, let's define the terminology - there are rag dolls and there are textile dolls.
Is there a big difference between them? - asked Veselina, - are they both made of fabric?
There is a difference, of course, it is significant and fundamental,” I answer the curious doll girl.
In my opinion, a rag doll is a doll that is made from scraps of fabric. These dolls appeared a long time ago and accompany a person almost his entire adult life (in the historical sense). A more accurate countdown can begin with the period of the invention of weaving and the spread of this technology across different countries. And this has been going on for several millennia. The very first rag doll is a motanka doll, which is based on a twist - a tightly twisted roller of fabric. For more information about the motanka, read the article on our website:. A little later, based on the motanka, several dozen similar dolls appeared at once, slightly different in the manufacturing method and having their own unique purpose.
Over time, rag dolls that were not based on twists began to appear, and the doll world was supplemented by many more different dolls, but they were all assembled from rag flaps. They could look different: there were simple knotted dolls made from one scrap of fabric, there were complex ones, richly decorated with ribbons, braid and embroidery, made from 20, 30, and sometimes 50 pieces of fabric. But they all had one common principle of their birth - from scraps.
But the textile doll dates back only a few centuries in its history, and this alone determines the colossal difference between it and rag dolls. To this we must add that textile dolls in most cases are called interior or play designer dolls, usually stuffed, that is, a figure sewn according to a pattern, the volume of which is given by filler. The most prominent representatives of textile dolls are the Tilda doll and the Waldorf doll.
“Oh, yes, with such an explanation, the difference between a rag and a textile doll is obvious and understandable,” Veselina reacted with satisfaction, but how did a rag doll even appear? Why would a person suddenly start making reels and twisting knots?
You see, your “suddenly” is several centuries, during which the tradition of the participation of dolls in the lives of our ancestors gradually arose and was formed. But let's talk about everything in order.
The history of rag dolls
Oh, if only we had a time machine... - Veselina said thoughtfully, dreamily looking at Kuklastadt from the window of my workshop.
And where would you go then? - I asked interestedly.
I would fly back many, many, many years and see how people actually started making rag dolls for the first time!
An interesting idea, I would probably be happy to keep you company,” I said smiling, “but we can do this.” Let you close your eyes and imagine that we have traveled back in time, and I will tell you the most common version of the appearance of a rag doll in the lives of our ancestors.
During the period when man realized his inability to explain various atmospheric phenomena or natural processes, the beginnings of religious movements began to appear. Indeed, it was quite convenient to use the authority of a powerful higher power so that the human mind would stop worrying about the true cause of the observed phenomena for a long time, and would focus on providing for urgent needs. Religious cults began to develop, in the process, higher powers began to acquire certain shapes and properties, personification began, and, simply put, gods appeared. There were many gods, each doing his own thing and looking his own.
Let us recall that humanity spent a significant period of its life in the era of matriarchy, when the divine pantheon was under female leadership and consisted of half of women. Naturally, from divine women. This was fair, since only the process of birth ensured the evolution of the species itself, and it was carried out precisely by the woman. That is why the first figurines imitating the ancient gods were primitive sculptures with obvious, and often hypertrophied, parts of the female body.
The oldest clay or wooden figurines found have wide hips and large breasts. Therefore, most people do not have any special questions about the gender of the divine beings in whose honor they were made. So we quietly said that people began to make small statues or figurines from scrap materials for constant use as idols to worship their gods. And as soon as fabric became one of these improvised materials, rag dolls appeared.
The first rag dolls were completely identical in purpose to their clay and wooden sisters and had the same religious origin. But quite quickly they began to be introduced into other areas of human life. Following the ritual dolls and from them themselves, play rag dolls appeared, which were very convenient to occupy small children and even teenagers, so that they would not distract serious adults during work or entertainment.
What else were rag dolls like? - After listening carefully to my speech, Veselina asks, surely there were not only ritual and game ones?
Yes, over time, more amulets appeared, and we need to talk about this in more detail.
The meaning of rag dolls
So, we found out that the first rag dolls had a religious purpose; they were used during rituals, during the performance of religious traditions and other events to show respect and veneration of gods and divine beings. The ritual dolls that appeared at this time had a short life - after the ritual was performed, they were burned, drowned or buried. This cruel attitude towards dolls was motivated by the fact that rag figurines absorbed all the negative energy of evil forces, to destroy which the doll itself had to be sacrificed.
You can begin to feel somewhat calmer about the custom of destroying ritual dolls if you remember that even earlier, to receive favors from the gods, human sacrifices were performed on the altar. So ritual dolls, to some extent, were the saviors of a very decent number of homo sapienc. Most ritual rag dolls were made immediately before the ritual, and were destroyed during or immediately after it. This tradition has survived to this day.
Was there anything interesting about playing with rag dolls? - Veselina asks me the next topic.
Of course it was,” I answer her, “moreover, over time, it was play rag dolls that became the link that connected the traditions of our ancestors with the lives of their descendants. How did this happen? - I ask the next question for Veselina.
And this happened very simply - in games with dolls. Growing children looked at the behavior of their parents and neighbors, at their habits and customs. They really wanted to also take part in adult life, but due to their age they were not allowed or did not have such opportunities. Therefore, teenagers imitated the lives of adults with the help of dolls, simulating similar situations. Young children first watched this, and then themselves took an active part.
Then every family had many dolls - about a hundred, and sometimes more. Therefore, it was possible to create mass events in games with a large number of puppet participants. The most common of them was the wedding game, where all the rituals, starting with matchmaking, were observed in a certain sequence. This is how young children learned about how family unions are created and how this happens. Therefore, at the moment when they themselves were actually facing a wedding, everything was clear and understandable in advance.
Very young children not only played with dolls, but also made them themselves. This contributed to the development of craft skills in both girls and boys. Indeed, in those distant times, girls should have been able to sew and embroider at the age of 5-6, and boys should have been able to weave bast shoes. This is how the social adaptation of children was carried out - from a very young age they knew and saw what awaited them in the future. You can read more about this in the article on our website: “Russian rag doll”.
The third purpose of a rag doll is as a talisman. Among the ancient Slavs, concern for preserving mental strength was very important. A lot of time and effort was devoted to this, because the life of the entire family sometimes depended on the successful completion of one or another event. Therefore, rag dolls were made that played the role of a talisman, guarding and protecting the soul and body of the person for whom they were intended, for example, a wedding doll amulet Lovebirds (you can read more about it in the article). Such dolls were made by almost all nations, if they made dolls from scraps at all. You can read more about Russian rag amulets in the article, the link to which was already seen in the previous paragraph.
How to make a rag doll with your own hands
Different fabrics were used to make a rag doll. Ritual dolls and amulets were often made from scraps of worn clothing, believing that these scraps retained the energy of the people who wore them. For example, a motanka, charmed for recovery, coped with its task much better if it was made from the old clothes of a sick person.
Amulet dolls required special conditions upon their appearance, non-compliance with which would negate their magical function. These requirements have remained almost unchanged to this day, and they sound like this:
- do not prick, do not cut, but tie and wrap;
- while working, do not talk idle talk, but read a spell or prayer;
- do the entire doll in one sitting, without being distracted for a minute.
In modern realities, you can add a requirement that only natural fabrics must be used to make ritual rag dolls.
To create bright, elegant dolls, they took scraps of new fabric, often used embroidery with traditional patterns, and used colored ribbons and braid for decoration.
What did they do with such holiday dolls? - Veselina asked, already slightly tired of the protracted conversation.
Elegant dolls were given at holidays, weddings, matchmaking and other joyful events. At the same time, gifts were given not only to the heroes of the occasion, but also to their relatives and close people. Amulet dolls were made out of necessity - for travel, against illness, against the evil eye or bad luck, to preserve wealth, and so on. Almost every rag doll has some manufacturing features, which we discuss in detail in articles devoted to their creation.
So, well, it seems like everything has been figured out about rag dolls, but I still have things to do in the city, I need to finish something today,” Veselina concluded our conversation, “I’ll go, bye.”
Okay, go already, business sausage,” I said after her, smiling.
Indeed, the article was quite long, so it needs to be completed. Much has not yet been said, and in future publications we will definitely return to the topic of rag dolls.
Well, with this I will say goodbye. Write your impressions on the topic of the article in the comments. Maybe something needs to be added or, conversely, removed. If you are interested in the article, put links to it on your social media accounts. Thank you for your attention, good luck everyone, bye.
All illustrations for the article were made by Angelina Degtyareva. If you have any questions or suggestions for the author, send them in a letter from the “Contacts” page.
